Премия Румфорда (Hjybnx Jrbskj;g)
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Бенджамин Томпсон (с 1791 — граф Румфорд; 1753—1814). Портрет работы Томаса Гейнсборо. 1783
| Премия Румфорда | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Страна | |
| Тип | научная награда[вд] |
| Кем вручается | Американская академия искусств и наук |
| Статистика | |
| Дата учреждения | 1839 |
| Сайт | amacad.org/about/… (англ.) |
 Медиафайлы на Викискладе | |
Премия Румфорда (англ. Rumford Prize) — научная награда Американской академии искусств и наук. Учреждена в 1796 году на денежные средства Бенджамина Томпсона (графа Румфорда), вручается с 1839 года за достижения в области тепла или света. Награда включает в себя медаль из золота и серебра. Все лауреаты на момент награждения жили в США или Канаде. Несколько лауреатов также получили европейскую медаль Румфорда: Сэмюэл Лэнгли, Джон Уильям Дрейпер, Роберт Вильямс Вуд.
Лауреаты
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| Год вручения | Лауреат | Формулировка обоснования |
|---|---|---|
| 1839 | Robert Hare[англ.] | Inventor of the oxy-hydrogen blowpipe |
| 1862 | Эрикссон, Джон | His work improved the field of heat management, but the award was specifically for his invention of the caloric engine[англ.] of 1858. |
| 1865 | Daniel Treadwell[англ.] | Heat management. He was awarded especially for his contributions towards a "cannon of large caliber, and great strength and endurance". |
| 1866 | Кларк, Элвин | Improved refracting telescopes |
| 1869 | George Henry Corliss[англ.] | For improving the steam engine |
| 1871 | Joseph Harrison, Jr. | Towards his concern for safer steam boilers |
| 1873 | Резерфорд, Льюис Моррис | For improving the "processes and methods" of astronomical photography |
| 1875 | Дрейпер, Джон Уильям | For his work towards apprehending radiant energy |
| 1880 | Гиббс, Джозайя Уиллард | Founded the field of chemical thermodynamics |
| 1883 | Роуланд, Генри | For his research in light and heat |
| 1886 | Лэнгли, Сэмюэл Пирпонт | For his work towards the understanding of radiant energy |
| 1888 |  Майкельсон, Альберт Абрахам
|
Measured the velocity of light, and contribution towards the motion of the luminiferous ether, and absolute determination of the wavelengths of light |
| 1891 | Пикеринг, Эдуард Чарлз | For his work on stellar photometry and stellar spectra |
| 1895 | Эдисон, Томас Алва | For his investigations in electric lighting[англ.] |
| 1898 | Килер, Джеймс Эдуард | For the applications of the spectroscope, and especially his investigations of nebulae and the physical contents of Saturn's rings |
| 1899 | Чарльз Браш[англ.] | For the development of the electric arc lamp |
| 1900 | Carl Barus[англ.] | For his heat research |
| 1901 | Томсон, Элиу | For his work in welding and lighting |
| 1902 | Хейл, Джордж Эллери | For his investigations in solar[англ.] and stellar physics and for the invention of the spectro-heliograph[англ.] |
| 1904 | Ernest Fox Nichols[англ.] | For his research on radiation, radiation pressure, stellar heat, and the infrared spectrum |
| 1907 | Эдвард Ачесон | For the application of the electric furnace to the production of carborundum and graphite |
| 1909 | Вуд, Роберт Вильямс | For light-related discoveries, including the optical properties of sodium and other metallic vapors |
| 1910 | Charles Gordon Curtis[англ.] | For his improvements to the steam turbine |
| 1911 | Крафтс, Джеймс Мейсон | For his work in thermometry, and the development of new fixed points on the scale |
| 1912 | Фредерик Айвс[англ.] | For his inventions in color photography and photoengraving |
| 1913 | Стеббинс, Джоуэл | For the development of the selenium photometer and its application to scientific problems |
| 1914 | Уильям Дэвид Кулидж | For his invention of ductile tungsten |
| 1915 | Аббот, Чарлз Грили | For his research in solar radiation[англ.] |
| 1917 | Бриджмен, Перси Уильямс
|
For his high-pressure thermodynamic breakthroughs |
| 1918 | Теодор Лайман | Awarded for his research on short-wave and long-wave wavelengths |
| 1920 | Ленгмюр, Ирвинг
|
For his research in thermionic and allied phenomena |
| 1925 | Расселл, Генри Норрис | Awarded for his research in solar radiation[англ.] |
| 1926 | Комптон, Артур Холли
|
Awarded for his research in Roentgen rays |
| 1928 | Edward Leamington Nichols[англ.] | For his research in spectrophotometry |
| 1930 | Пласкетт, Джон Стэнли | For his astronomical spectrographic[англ.] research |
| 1931 | Комптон, Карл Тэйлор | He was awarded the medal for thermionics and spectroscopic research. |
| 1933 | Шепли, Харлоу | For his work with the luminosity of stars and galaxies |
| 1937 | Кобленц, Уильям | For his improvements in the measurement of heat and light |
| 1939 | George R. Harrison[англ.] | "For pioneering improvements in spectroscopics" |
| 1941 | Зворыкин, Владимир Козьмич | Awarded for the creation of the iconoscope and other related devices |
| 1943 | Чарльз Эдвард Кеннет Мис[англ.] | For his contributions to photography |
| 1945 | Лэнд, Эдвин Герберт | For his inventions related to the application of polarized light |
| 1947 | E. Newton Harvey[англ.] | For his research in bioluminescence |
| 1949 | Боуэн, Айра Спрейг | For his work on the identification of nebulium and for other outstanding works |
| 1951 | Герберт Айвс[англ.] | For his research in the field of optics |
| 1953 | Ферми, Энрико
|
For his investigations in electromagnetic radiation and nuclear energy |
| 1953 | Лэмб, Уиллис Юджин
|
Awarded for studying the hydrogen spectrum |
| 1953 | Онсагер, Ларс
|
For his investigations in thermodynamics related to transportation |
| 1955 | Франк, Джеймс
|
For his studies in the investigation of photosynthesis |
| 1957 | Субраманьян Чандрасекар
|
For his investigations of the radiative energy balance in stars |
| 1959 | Уолд, Джордж
|
For identifying the biochemical basis of vision |
| 1961 | Таунс, Чарлз Хард
|
For his development of the laser |
| 1963 | Бете, Ханс Альбрехт
|
For pioneering studies in stellar nucleosynthesis |
| 1965 | Samuel Collins[англ.]* | For the invention of the Collins Helium Cryostat and other pioneering work |
| 1965 | William D. McElroy[англ.] | For his work on the molecular origin of bioluminescence |
| 1967 | Дикке, Роберт | For his contributions to microwave radiometry[англ.] and to the understanding of atomic structure |
| 1967 | Ниль, Корнелис ван | For his contributions to the study of photosynthesis |
| 1968 | Шмидт, Мартен | For his work deducing the spectra of quasi-stellar objects |
| 1971 | M.I.T. Group[1] John A. Ball, Alan H. Barrett, Bernard F. Burke, Joseph C. Carter, Patricia P. Crowther Canadian Group Norman W. Broten, R. M. Chisholm, John A. Galt, Herbert P. Cush, Thomas H. Legg, Jack L. Locke, Charles W. McLeish, Roger S. Richards, Jul Lin Yen NRAO[англ.]–Cornell Group C. C. Bare, Carry G. Clark, Marshall H. Cohen, David L. Jauncey, Kenneth I. Kellerman |
|
| 1973 | Уилсон, Эдгар Брайт[англ.] | For pioneering the importance of symmetry in polyatomic molecules and for his active work in the field of microwave spectroscopy |
| 1976 | Росси, Бруно | For discovering the origins of cosmic radiation |
| 1980 | Gregorio Weber[англ.] | For researching the theory of, and working on the application of, fluorescence |
| 1980 | Янг Чжэньнин
|
For development of a generalized gauge invariant field theory |
| 1985 | Демельт, Ханс
|
Awarded for his work in the field of atomic spectroscopy[англ.] |
| 1986 | Роберт Лейтон[англ.]
|
For his work in developing infrared astronomy |
| 1992 | James R. Norris
|
Awarded for working towards the understanding of photosynthesis |
| 1996 | Мазер, Джон Кромвелл
|
For his research related to the cosmic microwave background |
| 2008 | Дрелл, Сидни
|
For their efforts to reduce the global threat of nuclear weapons |
| 2015 | Капассо, Федерико
|
For their contributions to the field of laser technology |