Бхаума (династия) (>]grbg (;nugvmnx))

Династия Бхаума является второй легендарной династией царства Прагджьётиша после династии Данава. Наракасура, который, как говорят, основал эту династию, и его потомки Бхагадатта и Ваджрадатта впервые упоминаются в эпосах «Махабхарата» и «Рамаяна», в разделах, составленных в первые несколько столетий^[1], хотя нет единства касательно местоположения царства: либо на северо-западе, либо в восточной Индии.^[2] Легенда о Наракасуре далее рассказывается в Калика-пуране (10–12 века), Йогини-тантре (16/17 века) и местных преданиях. Легенды про Прагджьётишу тесно связаны с Ассамом и Северной Бенгалией. Поздние версии легенд о Наракасуре указывают на местоположение царства в Камарупе.^[3]

Согласно Калика-пуране, династия была основана Наракасурой из Видехи^[4] после победы над царёмКираты Гхатакасурой, последним из династии Данавов.^[2] Подробности истории Нараки считаются мифологическими^[5], хотя его исторический прототип мог быть одним из местных вождей Кирата^[6] или представителем одного из индийских племён.^[7] Прославление местного вождя и создание мифов о нём следуют схеме возникновения мифов, наблюдаемой в других частях Индии.^[8] В некоторых версиях, последний представитель династии, Супарна, был убит своими министрами.

Существование династии Бхаумов не подтверждается никакими убедительными доказательствами.^[9]

Правители

	Имя	Происхождение	Супруга
1	Нарака	сын Бхуми и Варахи, или Бхуми и Хираньякши	Майя (принцесса Видарбхи)
2	Бхагадатта	сын Нараки	неизвестно
3	Пушпадатта	сын Бхагадатты	неизвестно
4	Ваджрадатта	сын Бхагадатты	неизвестно

Примечания

↑ "Though the composition of the two epics is supposed to have been completed in periods respectively from the fourth century BC to the fourth century AD and from the third century BC to the second century AD, the passages in question may not be much earlier than the beginning of the Christian era." (Sircar 1990, С. 80–81)
↑ ¹ ² (Sircar 1990)
↑ See section " The Naraka Legend and Political Legitimization" (Das 2014, С. 154-156)
↑ (Tripathi 2008)
↑ "The details of the Naraka legend seems to suggest a development more or less on the mythical lines." (Sircar 1990)
↑ "It is contended that Naraka was a powerful Kirata chief whose feats had been magnified and myths created to prove his divinity to account for his supposed heroic (mis) deeds" (Das 2005)
↑ "With the blessings of Vishnu, Narakasura, a Hinduised tribal youth of Videha (North Bihar) destroyed this kingdom with the help of his own tribe and Alpine Hindus after a fierce struggle." (Sen 1984)
↑ "Just as in other parts of India, in Assam also, social groups and tribes initially considered to be outside the pale of the varnasramadharma had been assimilated into the fold of Aryan society after they had acquired political power. Thus, in the Brahmaputra valley, Naraka, a Kirata chief rose into prominence in the proto-historic period and became so powerful that the tales of his exploits remained in the collective memory of the people." (Das 2005)
↑ "Therefore, any claims of the existence of ancient Naraka-Bhagadatta or Bhauma-Naraka dynasty prior to the Varmans are historically untenable, albeit politically tenable."(Shin 2018)

Литература

Das, Paromita (2005). "The Naraka Legends, Aryanisation and the "varnasramadharma" in the Brahmaputra Valley". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 66. Indian History Congress: 224—230. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44145840.
Das, Sneha (2014). "Engraved Histories: A Study of Legend of Naraka and Political Legitimacy in the Kamarupa Region". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 75. Indian History Congress: 153—159. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44158374.
Sen, Debasis (1984). "Ethnic Elements in the Political Life of Ancient Assam". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 45. Indian History Congress: 101—106. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44140186.
Sircar, D C (1990), "Epico-Puranic Myths and Allied Legends", in Barpujari, H K (ed.), The Comprehensive History of Assam, vol. I, Guwahati: Publication Board, Assam, pp. 79—93
Shin, Jae-Eun (2018), "Region Formed and Imagined: Reconsidering temporal, spatial and social context of Kamarupa", in Dzüvichü, Lipokmar; Baruah, Manjeet (eds.), Modern Practices in North East India: History, Culture, Representation, London & New York: Routledge, pp. 23—55
Tripathi, Chandra Dhar. Kāmarūpa-Kaliṅga-Mithilā: a politico-cultural alignment in Eastern India : history, art, traditions. — Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2008. — ISBN 9788173053276.

[1] "Though the composition of the two epics is supposed to have been completed in periods respectively from the fourth century BC to the fourth century AD and from the third century BC to the second century AD, the passages in question may not be much earlier than the beginning of the Christian era." (Sircar 1990, С. 80–81)

[автоссылка1-2] ¹ ² (Sircar 1990)

[3] See section " The Naraka Legend and Political Legitimization" (Das 2014, С. 154-156)

[4] (Tripathi 2008)

[5] "The details of the Naraka legend seems to suggest a development more or less on the mythical lines." (Sircar 1990)

[6] "It is contended that Naraka was a powerful Kirata chief whose feats had been magnified and myths created to prove his divinity to account for his supposed heroic (mis) deeds" (Das 2005)

[7] "With the blessings of Vishnu, Narakasura, a Hinduised tribal youth of Videha (North Bihar) destroyed this kingdom with the help of his own tribe and Alpine Hindus after a fierce struggle." (Sen 1984)

[8] "Just as in other parts of India, in Assam also, social groups and tribes initially considered to be outside the pale of the varnasramadharma had been assimilated into the fold of Aryan society after they had acquired political power. Thus, in the Brahmaputra valley, Naraka, a Kirata chief rose into prominence in the proto-historic period and became so powerful that the tales of his exploits remained in the collective memory of the people." (Das 2005)

[9] "Therefore, any claims of the existence of ancient Naraka-Bhagadatta or Bhauma-Naraka dynasty prior to the Varmans are historically untenable, albeit politically tenable."(Shin 2018)

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